Various dispersal agents such as glycerin, ethyl alcohol, Witch Hazel, water, castor oil, propylene glycol and others are used to keep the particles from forming clumps.Remember that pigment particles are weakly attracted to each other. But if you dump a cup of coffee grounds on the tablecloth it stays where it was placed and doesn't spread. When you spill a cup of coffee on a white tablecloth it spreads everywhere. It is a powder in the package but dissolves in water. If a colorant dissolves in solution then it becomes a dye. Now high grade furnace black is approved for use in cosmetics.īy definition, a pigment is a particle and NOT soluble in solution. Carbon black is legal in other countries, and is used widely in the US by tattooists. Carbon black was illegal for use in cosmetics in the United States because of a case of blindness that resulted from its use in mascara. as an additive to carbon black, even India Ink or Pelikan Ink have lost their "black blackness". Because lead is no longer legal in the U.S. And carbon black is soluble in liquids and therefore becomes an INK! My personal belief is that this ultra-small size combined with the solubility is why we will often see migration or "bleeding" of carbon black inks into surrounding tissues.Īn example of carbon black ink is HIGGINS India Ink. This means it is from 10-20 timessmaller in size than an iron oxide pigment particle. Although iron oxides are inorganic, they are often dispersed in glycerin or alcohol which are organic substances.Ĭommon in inks used for tattooing, the carbon black particle is usually "amorphous" which mean without shape. When the particles are measured in a suspension it is common to get a particle size measurement of 1-20 microns because the agglomerates are being measured in addition to the individual particles. However, the particles are attracted to each other and form "agglomerates". The fact is that the average iron oxide particle size is less than one micron. It is a mistaken belief that pigment particles are 6 microns or greater. Examples of the endurance of iron oxides are the cave paintings which have endured thousands of years in darkness. Most synthetic iron oxides are manufactured in the visible light spectrum and have maintain good reflectance. Light fastness or "reflectance" describes a particle's ability to reflect light at a certain wavelength. Ultraviolet light can affect the crystalline structure and result in loss of color activity. Some are spherical, others are rhomboids and yet others look like a pencil shaped crystal (long and narrow). Iron oxides are a softer metal than titanium dioxide.Iron oxide molecules are crystals and are in different shapes. These metals are basically inert, although iron oxide blacks (magnetite) do have magnetic properties. Synthetic iron oxides are manufactured to eliminate the contamination of naturally occurring iron oxides. Therefore, the FDA has regulated cosmetic colorants so the level of toxic metal present are below certain percentages in order to be used safely. Iron oxides in nature (dirt) are often found in association with toxic metals like lead, arsenic, mercury, antimony and selenium. Inorganic Pigments Iron oxides (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) lack a carbon molecule and are therefore "inorganic". No lawsuits have been filed with iron oxide based pigments, unlike so-called "vegetable dyes" or synthetic organic pigments. Spinach, carrots and beets are colorful but not useful for tattooing. Pigments found in vegetables in nature are not used in permanent makeup. The most naturally occuring pigments we can use in our profession are iron oxides. To make margarine look yellow, like butter. They are used to make oranges look MORE orange. These synthetic organic pigments are used to dye fruits and vegetables artificially to brighter colors.
So called "Vegetable" dyes are not natural but man-made chemical colors. everydayĬolors from vegetables are not used in tattooing. Information about pigments we use in P.C.
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